The Open System Interconnect (OSI) network model, referred to by many as simply a stack, is in fact a well-designed, layered architecture for efficient intersystem and intrasystem communications. In ...

Other tips in this series have examined the seven-layer OSI model from the perspective of security. Although security was not the No. 1 goal of the designers of the OSI model, the idea behind these ...

For many years, security monitoring relied on gathering data from layer 4 of the OSI model through such data types as NetFlow. Because layer 4 data dealt with the transport layer, it isn't the most ...

The line between middleware and application software is blurred, which is why this chapter introduces both together. Middleware is software that has been abstracted out of the application layer for a ...