Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

The toxin complex with its 14 components. The toxin itself is colored pink and sits at the top of the complex. The structure consists of tens of thousands of atoms, and here we only show the surface ...

Over the past 2 decades, the use of botulinum toxin in clinical practice has grown exponentially across all fields of medicine. Initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 ...