Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

Over the past 2 decades, the use of botulinum toxin in clinical practice has grown exponentially across all fields of medicine. Initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 ...

Local injections of botulinum toxin type A have been used to treat essential head tremor but have not been extensively studied in randomized trials. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, ...