Canine reproductive physiology is governed by a complex interplay of hormones that regulate the estrous cycle, ovulation, and subsequent fertilisation. Fundamental to this process is the measurement ...

Caring for a female dog during her first heat cycle can feel overwhelming for many pet parents. It takes patience, extra care, and some know-how to keep her comfortable while keeping your home clean.

There comes a time in the life of an intact female dog when they’re ready to breed. This period is called being in heat. The stage of heat, also called estrus or season, has distinct physical and ...