The Supreme Court, in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 131 S. Ct. 2541 (2011), set a high standard for class certification under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 (“Rule 23”). Under Rule 23(a), the ...

In Alvarado v. Wal-Mart Associates, Inc., issued by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on September 30, 2025, the ...

Discovery in civil litigation is intended to give all parties fair access to the evidence necessary to litigate the claims and allow for the trial to proceed on a full record of all the relevant ...

A controversy at the University of Illinois Chicago John Marshall Law School (not to be confused with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). [1.] Here's the text of an exam question (worth 1 ...

In civil litigation, police most commonly appear as defendants. But police also act as plaintiffs, suing the individuals they police. This Article argues that these plaintiff police claims cause ...

In recent weeks, activist organizations fueled by hundreds of millions of dollars in donations and sometimes even Government grants have obtained sweeping injunctions far beyond the scope of relief ...

Litigants have different reasons for wanting to try their cases in federal court. But a wise band of non-lawyers (although litigants) once sang, “You can't always get what you want.” (Written by Mick ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I cover criminal justice, entrepreneurship, and offbeat lawsuits. Washington, D.C. paid $855,000 to settle a class action filed by ...

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