Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers represent a cornerstone in the field of control systems engineering, providing a versatile and robust method for regulating industrial processes. The ...

In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...

In an RL-based control system, the turbine (or wind farm) controller is realized as an agent that observes the state of the ...

The reactive controls we discussed in Part 1 are driven entirely by error. This is a bit like driving a car while looking out the back window. Your mistakes may be ...

Any good athlete will tell you that the key to an exceptional performance is to imagine the task ahead and then to practice until the body can bring this imagined sequence into reality. Similarly, ...

At the core of any modern industrial process is a control system guaranteeing precision, stability, and efficiency. Perhaps the most commonly used are PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) ...