Electricity does not choose “the path of least resistance,” but flows on all paths presented to it. The flow divides among those paths in inverse proportion to their impedances (those paths with lower ...

A. Electrical power systems are grounded (connected to the earth) to limit the voltage induced by lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact by higher‑voltage lines and stabilize the system ...

There are two main types of lightning found on Earth: ...

Lightning protection in photovoltaic (PV) systems is a critical area of study as these installations are increasingly exposed to atmospheric discharges that can substantially disrupt energy production ...