Multi-stage cold forging processes are used for the mass production of particularly resistant metal products of different level of geometrical complexity. These processes also allow a high degree of ...

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted metal forming combines high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillations with conventional forming processes to enhance material flow, reduce forming forces and improve surface ...

Press forging may be defined as the process of shaping a metal that is placed between two dies by applying mechanical or hydraulic pressure. Press forging is usually done on a forge press - a machine ...

Deformation processes transform solid materials from one shape into another. The initial shape is usually simple (e.g., a billet or sheet blank) and is plastically deformed between tools, or dies, to ...