Feedback refers to a core concept in circuit design and control theory, used to stabilize amplifiers and control system behavior. This article outlines the fundamental architecture of feedback, ...

Among the switches of various kinds of loads, the circuit of the switch is of particular interest, controlled by varying signal duration. So, for example, feeding a short pulse to the input will turn ...

In the first installment of this course, we learned that a digital value is a quantity that varies “in steps” and can take on only a finite number of values. In today’s logic systems, only two ...

How analog signal engineering is performed, in broad strokes. What are the component-selection considerations for new designs? What are VFAs and how are they used? Analog signal engineers specialize ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Many noise sources can plague high-speed radio-frequency (RF) analog signal chains, making design considerations that much more challenging. Both megahertz and sub-terahertz sampling-rate converters ...