The information needed to determine the internal and external validity of an experimental study is discussed. Internal validity is the degree to which a study establishes the cause-and-effect ...

There is a distinction that one learns about on the first day of a course in psychological research methods. It is the difference between internal and external validity. Internal validity is ...

Ethnographic research, such as observing the setup of a catheter, often leads toideation. But it can also lead to significant device design. In 2001, William Reese and I wrote an article about the use ...

The maturation threat can operate when biological or psychological changes occur within subjects and these changes may account in part or in total for effects discerned in the study. For example, a ...