Value-at-risk and expected shortfall (ES) are ubiquitous in finance. They are used by banks and asset managers to estimate the risk of portfolios. Regulators use them to set capital requirements. To ...

Tips for Selecting Structure, Process and Outcome Variables, and Measurement Tools Before selecting a measurement tool, it is helpful to identify the stage of APN role development (ie, which step of ...

We describe two approaches to instrumental variable estimation in binary regression measurement error models. The methods entail constructing approximate mean models ...

Linear combinations of the four measurement variables best summarize the differences among the three species, assuming multivariate normality with covariance constant among groups. This requires a ...

SHENZHEN, China, Oct. 07, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MicroCloud Hologram Inc. (NASDAQ: HOLO), (“HOLO” or the "Company"), is a technology service provider. Regarding the optimization problem of variable ...