Any straight line graph has a constant gradient, which is calculated by the change in 𝑦 divided by the change in 𝑥, along any section of the graph. The gradient is measuring the steepness of the ...

Since every plane-harmonic function is associated with a conjugate, problems in which normal gradients are specified on the boundary can be transformed into problems in which boundary values are ...

The study of Lagrangian equations and gradient estimates occupies a critical niche at the intersection of partial differential equations, differential geometry, and variational calculus. Lagrangian ...

We present a Godunov-type scheme for the shallow water equations with horizontal temperature gradient and variable topography. First, the exact solutions of the Riemann problem in a computational form ...