For better accountability, we should shift the focus from the design of these systems to their impact. Describing a decision-making system as an “algorithm” is often a way to deflect accountability ...

A formula used to turn ordinary data, or "plaintext," into a secret coded message known as "ciphertext." The ciphertext can reside in storage or travel over unsecure networks without its contents ...

Expertise from Forbes Councils members, operated under license. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Lawyers often ask me about the Google algorithm, which is actually a confluence of many ...