Irrigation during ureterorenoscopy increases renal pelvic pressure, and can potentially injure the kidney. Irrigation with isoproterenol (isoprenaline), a β-adrenoceptor agonist, has previously been ...

Major advances in the management of all stages of upper tract urothelial carcinoma have been made in 2017. Radical nephroureterectomy can be valuable in patients with metastatic disease and adjuvant ...