High blood pressure, including pre-hypertension, is a major global health economic issue, accounting for about half of the total cases of stroke and ischaemic heart disease. It is responsible for ...

SUDDEN death in persons with artificial pacemakers is a continuing and disturbing problem. Causes include pacemaker-catheter displacement, electric-component failure, broken wires and rising pacing ...

Diastole and systole refer to when the heart muscles relax and contract. The balance between diastolic and systolic pressure determines a person’s blood pressure. A blood pressure reading displays ...

The first heart sound (S1) results from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The sound produced by the closure of the mitral valve is termed M1, and the sound produced by closure of the ...

A 65-year-old woman with diffuse scleroderma presented with increasing dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and approximately a six-week history of palpitations. She had a history of scleroderma-related ...