The efficient recovery of bitumen, a highly viscous form of crude oil, poses significant technical and economic challenges. In recent years, researchers have developed advanced experimental techniques ...

Sound waves can measure viscosity on the fly. Though viscosity is the degree to which a fluid resists flow, it is more specifically a measure of a fluid's molecular friction. It can be a useful ...

AC is typically obtained as a residue from the crude oil refining process or natural sources. It has a semi-solid or solid consistency at ambient temperatures and is used as an aggregate binding ...

Solvents are used to increase production and reduce steam-to-oil ratio in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). Variations of SAGD that use solvents, such as expanding solvent (ES) SAGD or ...