A vesicovaginal fistula is an irregular opening between your bladder and vagina. This causes urine to leak out of your vagina. Usually, urine should only exit your body through your urethra (tube at ...

A urostomy is an abdominal wall opening that allows urine to leave the body through a stoma. A nephrostomy is a temporary tube to drain urine directly from one or both kidneys. A urostomy takes the ...

Radical cystectomy, or complete bladder removal, remains the standard and most effective surgery for muscle‑invasive bladder ...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition of reverse urine flow. It can improve with time, but some people do require urinary reflux surgery. Your kidneys filter your blood and send urine to your ...

A urostomy bag and a catheter are two different devices that can help drain and collect urine from your body. A urostomy is often permanent, whereas a catheter is not. If you have certain medical ...

There are different stages of bladder cancer depending on how the tumor has spread. The staging of bladder cancer can help a medical professional map out the best treatment plan and improve a person’s ...