Dystonia can affect everyone, from small children to older adults. Childhood dystonia is usually generalized dystonia (affecting most body parts). It is usually caused by genetic factors, while ...

Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes muscles to contract involuntarily, often leading to repetitive or twisting movements in different parts of the body. While the condition is not typically ...

Background: Primary dystonia is a chronic neurological movement disorder that causes abnormal muscle movements. Pain and emotional distress may accompany these physical symptoms. Behavioural ...

Although dystonias are a common group of movement disorders, the mechanisms by which brain dysfunction results in dystonia are not understood. Rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism (RDP) is a hereditary ...

Dystonia is a neurologic movement disorder characterized by involuntary, sustained, patterned, repetitive muscle contractions, usually of opposing muscles. These contractions, which typically affect ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Parkinson's disease, characterized by dopamine loss, primarily affects older adults, causing tremors and stiffness. Dystonia involves involuntary muscle contractions, often starting at a younger age ...

Treatments for generalised and focal dystonia, including pharmaceutical or surgical options, focus predominately on the motor symptoms of the condition. Conservative therapies that have been suggested ...