Absolute value equations (AVEs), characterised by the inclusion of absolute value functions in the variables, present inherently non‐smooth and computationally challenging problems that are often ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Billionaire business tycoon Elon Musk described himself as a "maker" in a Tuesday post on X, while reasserting his claim that Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., is a taker. "My Tesla and SpaceX shares, which ...

Four different glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-family ligand (GFL)– receptor (GFRα) binding pairs exist, and they all signal through the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase.

Regularly sleeping less than you need can harm your health and safety. Most adults do best with 7 to 9 hours per night. Getting at least 7 hours of sleep may support weight management by affecting ...

Abstract: Even though the noise model applied in power system dynamic state estimation (DSE) is usually assumed to be Gaussian, this is not the case due to the unknown system inputs, influence from ...

Abstract: Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is useful in many problems that require the cooperation and coordination of multiple agents. Learning optimal policies using reinforcement learning ...

Define state-value and (true) state value of an MDP Define Q-value and (true) Q value of an MDP The idea of discounting stems from the common idea that a reward now is better than the same reward ...

Augusta Stone is a credit cards writer for TPG. She joined the TPG team in 2023 and is excited to take points and miles beginners with her on a journey toward maximizing rewards. The cards we feature ...