Estradiol: 2-14 ng/dL (female, follicular); 2-16 ng/dL (female, luteal); <3.5 ng/dL (postmenopausal); 1.5-5 ng/dL (male) ...
Your doctor says everything looks fine, but you still feel terrible. The problem might not be your health but how labs define “normal.” Understanding the difference between normal and optimal could ...
In medicine, a person’s blood-test results are compared with the average range in a population. But results are highly individual and tightly regulated around a person’s own stable values. Changes to ...
Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Public Health, Colorado State University Your blood serves numerous roles to maintain your health. To carry out these ...
Picture this: You've just finished your annual doctor's appointment. You feel good, and the routine tests your doctor ...
Labs calculate normal by testing everyone who walks through the door, including patients with undiagnosed conditions and chronic diseases. The middle 95 percent becomes the reference range, whether ...