Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Industrial temperature sensors are widely used with 4–20mA current-loop transmitters in industrial control and automation. In the current loop the temperature sensor converts a temperature into a ...

Many industrial and control applications use analog current loops as the physical link for measurements and actuator control. Although several ranges are used, the most popular is still the 4- to ...

When taking measurements from analog sensors located at long distances, voltage drops and noise can affect precision of the readings. Therefore, a voltage-to-current (V/I) module is needed to transmit ...

Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...

Essex-based Pickering Interfaces has announced a PXI-based module that simulates current loop based sensors in industrial control applications – a PXIe version is also available. Called ’41-765 Analog ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...