Many observational studies aim to make causal inferences about effects of interventions or exposures on health outcomes. This course defines causation, describes how emulating a ‘target trial’ can ...

Abstract: We investigate Laplacian shift operators for directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). In a DAG, the adjacency matrix is nilpotent, yielding an all-zero eigenvalue spectrum that makes adjacency-based ...

Enzymes help with specific functions that are vital to the operation and overall health of the human body. They help speed up chemical reactions and are essential for respiration, digestion, muscle ...

The chart represents the caloric breakdown of the average person’s daily consumption. Swipe through the timeline to see how the source and distribution of calories has changed over the last fifty ...