Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Editor’s note: This month we are pleased to have Colin Wells from Texas Instruments as our blogger. In modern industrial control systems, 4-20 mA current-loop transmitters remain one of the most ...

Many industrial and control applications use analog current loops as the physical link for measurements and actuator control. Although several ranges are used, the most popular is still the 4- to ...

Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...

When taking measurements from analog sensors located at long distances, voltage drops and noise can affect precision of the readings. Therefore, a voltage-to-current (V/I) module is needed to transmit ...

Essex-based Pickering Interfaces has announced a PXI-based module that simulates current loop based sensors in industrial control applications – a PXIe version is also available. Called ’41-765 Analog ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...