Biased sampling occurs frequently in economics, epidemiology, and medical studies either by design or due to data collecting mechanism. Failing to take into account the sampling bias usually leads to ...

This article considers causal inference for treatment contrasts from a randomized experiment using potential outcomes in a finite population setting. Adopting a Neymanian repeated sampling approach ...

You train the model once, but you run it every day. Making sure your model has business context and guardrails to guarantee reliability is more valuable than fussing over LLMs. We’re years into the ...

Over the past several years, the lion’s share of artificial intelligence (AI) investment has poured into training infrastructure—massive clusters designed to crunch through oceans of data, where speed ...

Despite ongoing speculation around an investment bubble that may be set to burst, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is here to stay. And while an over-inflated market may exist at the level of ...