Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins [8] produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria; primarily Microcystis aeruginosa but also other Microcystis, as well as members of the Planktothrix, …

Many cyanobacteria species produce a group of toxins known as microcystins, some of which are toxic. The species most commonly associated with microcystin production is Microcystis aeruginosa [1]. …

Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in number and severity worldwide. These HABs are chiefly composed of one or more species of cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, …

Jul 23, 2025 · Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria, frequently referred to as blue-green algae, that naturally occurs in water bodies globally. While present in many environments, it can …

Jan 5, 2026 · While many varieties of cyanotoxins exist, microcystin is the most common measured and detected cyanotoxin. Microcystin is a potent liver toxin and possible human carcinogen. Cyanotoxins …

When observed under a microscope, these tiny oval prokaryotes (cells lacking organelles) are about 0.3-0.4 μm, appear uniformly green, and are frequently found in long chains, much like many other …

Microcystin is defined as a group of monocyclic heptapeptides produced primarily by the cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa, known for their significant hepatotoxicity and strong affinity for …

Microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins)1 Microcystins (MCs) are naturally occurring heptapeptides produced by strains of various species of cyanobacteria, primarily in freshwater environments. They …

Sep 17, 2024 · Microcystins, the most common cyanotoxins, are cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria through non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and currently, approximately 279 …

Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread class of cyanotoxins and the one that has most often been implicated in cyanobacterial toxicosis. One of the main challenges in studying and …